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Hay isn’t Just for Horses!
Candace Hersey-Benner, DVM
Roaring Brook Veterinary Hospital, Canton, CT
A rabbit's digestive tract is special in that it can digest hay, just like a horse! The organ responsible for the ability to digest hay is called the cecum, and it performs the very important task of making vitamins and nutrients available to the rabbit by breaking down and processing cellulose.
There is a delicate balance of bacteria and other organisms in the rabbit's digestive tract that must be in perfect balance to maintain normal motility, digestion, absorption, and elimination. Fiber is an essential aid to this process, which is why the main component to any adult rabbit’s diet should be hay. Episodes of diarrhea can be related to changes in the balance of organisms in the digestive tract, and proper nutrition plays an important role in maintaining this balance.
Many people think that rabbit pellets are a complete diet. Pelleted diets do contain fiber such as timothy hay, however the hay is pulverized and it is not an adequate source of indigestible fiber to stimulate gastrointestinal motility and move food through the intestine. Commercial pelleted diets also can contain a high amount of carbohydrates, especially the pellet mixes that contain seed, colored cereals, and dried fruits. Rabbits may enjoy this type of diet, but the elevated carbohydrates in the diet can lead to an overgrowth of bad bacteria in the intestine, leading to life threatening diarrhea and obesity.
Fresh timothy hay, oat hay, or other types of grass hays should be available in unlimited quantities at all times. Your rabbit should consume a pile of hay about the size of its body daily. Hay is available in manageable quantities at many pet stores, feed stores and other locations and should be stored in a clean, dry place such as a wicker basket, cloth sack, or even a clothes hamper.
The Oxbow Hay Company is an excellent source of information and quality products and more information on other suitable types of hay can be found on their website at www.oxbowanimalhealth.com. Feeding your rabbit a complete diet is not always as simple or easy by buying a bag of food and keeping the bowl full. The right mix of hay, pellets, and occasional treats will help your rabbit stay healthy for many years.
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