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DECEMBER 2008
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THIS ISSUE:
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Scurvy Pigs
The Basics of Vitamin C Deficiency in Guinea Pigs
Candace Hersey-Benner, DVM
Roaring Brook Veterinary Hospital, Canton CT
Humans and guinea pigs are more alike than many people think. Guinea pigs share our inability to produce Vitamin C and thus it must be present in the foods they eat. Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a necessary component of collagen, a structural protein important in providing strength to cartilage, tendons, ligaments, bone, and blood vessels. Without collagen these structures can become weak resulting in lameness, joint problems, and pain which can cause your guinea pig to stop eating.
Scurvy, also known as hypovitaminosis C, is a medical condition that commonly results from a diet deficient in Vitamin C. However, scurvy can also result secondary to other medical conditions in guinea pigs that are not eating well and are not receiving their daily dose of Vitamin C. Typical clinical signs include lethargy, weakness, lameness or an inability to move, swollen and painful joints, weight loss, a rough hair coat, diarrhea, and ocular and nasal discharge. If your guinea pig experiences any of these signs you should have them evaluated by an experienced veterinarian before simply increasing their amount of dietary Vitamin C. Underlying diseases could be present, which if left untreated could be potentially life threatening.
Most formulated guinea pig diets are supplemented with Vitamin C, but ascorbic acid is greatly affected by temperature, humidity, exposure to light and storage conditions. A general rule of thumb is to store pellets in an air tight container, in a cool, dark, dry place. It is best to use pellets within 90 days of the milling date and not from the day of purchase as the product may sit on the shelf for several weeks before you take it home. Offering a diet with ad-lib timothy hay, a fresh supply of pellets formulated for guinea pigs, and an ample amount of fresh fruits and vegetables will help prevent scurvy.
If you are unsure of the amount of Vitamin C in your guinea pigs diet you can supplement with either a tablet or liquid form. Chewable Vitamin C tablets, such as those produced by the Oxbow Hay Company are available for guinea pigs, but over the counter varieties meant for human consumption will work as well. Multivitamins should be avoided, since toxic overdoses of other vitamins and minerals could result from daily administration. Adding liquid Vitamin C to your guinea pigs water is also not recommended since it is even less stable in water and could change the flavor of water resulting in your guinea pig to drink less. Contact your veterinarian for advice on how much Vitamin C to give your guinea pig.
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